عکس کودکی هنرمندان ایرانی
بهرام رادان 
نیکی کریمی 
گلشیفته فراهانی 
مهناز افشار 
محد اصفهانی 
لیلا حاتمی 
محمدرضا شجریان 
هدیه تهرانی 
باران کوثری 
پرستو صالحی
عکس کودکی هنرمندان ایرانی
عکس کودکی گلشیفته فرهانی:
عکس کودکی پوریا پورسرخ:
عکس کودکی شادمهر عقیلی:
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BMW M history
BMW M division is probably the best known and the most successful high performance division of a large automaker worldwide. BMWDrives gives you the chance to discover the BMW M history and every single model launched since the legendary BMW M1. Also you will find the BMW M cars that are under current production. BMW M history is synonymous with Motorsport, racing cars, tough competition and the restless wish to be the best!
1972
Established in May 1972, BMW M GmbH, previously known as BMW Motorsport GmbH, is a division of BMW AG. This high performance division began with just eight employees and it was initially created to handle BMW’s racing program during the 1960s and 1970s.
Their first project was the BMW 3.0 CSL. CSL stands for Coupe Sport Leicht, or Lightweight. 1265 lightweights were built from 1972 to 1975. This famous racer won seven European Touring Car titles.
1973
In 1973 the BMW 3.0 CSL wins the 24 hour race from Nurburgring driven by Hans Joachim Stuck and Chris Amon, two exceptional pilots. Because of the huge aerodynamic wings, the 3.0 CSL was nicknamed "the Batmobile".
In the late 1970s the first modified street legal road cars were produced for the contracted racecar drivers as their personal vehicles.
1978
The first M-badged car that was officially for sale to the public was the beautiful BMW M1 E26, at the Paris Motor Show in 1978. Based on the 1972 BMW Turbo prototype, designed by Paul Bracq, the M1 received its final touches by another famous designer: Giorgetto Giugiaro.
The BMW M1, the first BMW M car to go on sale, has a very interesting story. Because of the lack of resources, BMW approached Lamborghini to develop this car. But the Italians were no able to finish it because of their financial problems so it came back to the German engineers. The M1 was initially designed only for the racetracks and it was planned to race in the German racing championship. Because of development delays a participation in this running series was no longer possible. In co-operation with Bernie Ecclestone and Max Mosley the Procar Series was created. This series was the opening race for many Formula 1 races. But there still was a problem. The cars racing in the Procar Series had to be developed from series production cars. Therefore BMW M GmbH "had" to produce a road car for the M1. Approximately 450 cars were produced and since the beginning they were a collector’s dream.
The M1 E26 road version has a 6-cylinder engine from the 3.0 CSL developing 277 hp. This mid-engined coupe was capable of reaching 165 mph, impressive speeds for 1978. In Group 4 race trim, the M1 had 470 hp and an astonishing 850 hp for Group 5 German Sports Car racing.
1979
Because the BMW M1 E26 was more a racecar with a road car body it was not very suitable for every day use. So, he first real M Series car meant for ordinary drivers was the BMW M535i E12, back in 1979. It was a high performance version of BMW’s popular 5 Series mid-size sedan. It had bigger brakes, Recaro sport seats and was powered by the 6 cylinders M30 engine. This version of the M Series was available until 1981 and BMW sold only 1410 of them.
1983
In 1983 the 6 Series was available also as an M635CSi version with a 3.5 liter, 6-cylinder engine with an output of 286 hp. Now the luxury GT has a sporty and capable engine so the recipe for a superb car is complete.
Developed by the BMW M GmbH, the 4 cylinder turbo engine that equipped the Brabham F1 Team helps Nelson Piquet to win the World Championship.
More and more experience gathered from the race tracks around the world is transferred to the road cars.
1984
The second generation vehicle came into the market in 1984. It was built on the basis of the BMW 5 Series E28 and it was the first M5! The BMW M5 E28 was powered by the S30 engine which had 24 cylinders. This series of M cars were equipped with electric windows, central locking, light alloy wheels and fog lights. All these elements give us a clue about the premium segment where the M cars were targeted. The performance was not neglected. Developing 286 hp in a family sedan was a performance never heard of before. BMW gambled on this combination and the years that followed showed that they were more than right.
1986
1986 is probably the most important in the history of BMW M GmbH. It is the year when the first generation M3 is born! Based on the BMW 3 Series E30, it is regarded even by today’s standards as a benchmark of performance and sheer driving pleasure. From the start, this thoroughbred sports car thrilled not only the motorsport enthusiast and the racing expert, but also car fans the world over. Boasting powerful-looking spoilers and strikingly flared wheel arches all round, the very first BMW M3 was a sensation to behold even at a standstill. The first E30 M3 had a 192 hp 4-cylinder engine which propelled this light car from 0-60 mph in just 6.8 s. The top speed is around 143 mph (230 km/h).
The BMW M3 represents the most successful touring car of all times
1988
By 1988 the BMW M GmbH grew to 400 employees and the demand for the famous M cars was greater than ever. From now on every new generation of 3 Series and 5 Series were available also as an M version.
1995
In 1995 the BMW 8 Series CSi E31 is launched. For this car BMW M GmbH develops the only production V-12 engine ever. It has an output of 380 hp. Although it was never labeled as an M car, the 850 CSi bears the signature of the Motorsport division clearly visible on its engine. BMW was testing a M8 prototype with a special 550 bhp engine. It was intended as a "Ferrari killer" but later on the project was aborted deciding that there was no market for such a car.
1997
Besides the M models from the 3 Series and 5 Series, BMW M presents the Z3 E36/37 M Roadster/Coupe in 1997.
2005
In 2005 the E63 M6 joins the regular M range, having a huge V10 engine with 507 hp under the bonnet.
2007
In 2007, 21 years after the first generation M3, the fourth one comes to life under the body of the E92 M3 Coupé. It continues the tradition of normally aspirated engines but now with twice the number of cylinders and more than double of power.
Since 1978, BMW M has offered modified versions of nearly every car on BMW’s production line, except the 7 Series and the X Sports Utility Vehicles models. Also we have to mention that there were few BMW cars that were developed by M division but they were not labeled M: M535i E12, M635CSi E24 and the 850CSi E31. In spite this they were considered benchmarks of their times and they deserve to share this gallery with the other M models. BMW M GmbH continues to produce some of the most desired and sophisticated tuned street legal cars available in full production. BMW M offers modified engines, suspension, interior trim, aerodynamics and exterior styling. The competitors from Mercedes and Audi fight back with their high performance divisions, the AMG respectively the Quattro. Their models began only by an increase of power to the engines on the standard models and just later on they started to make more extensive modifications as the Bavarians do with the suspension and transmission starting back with the beginning of the 1980s. Although some AMG and RS models have more hp than their Bavarian counter parts some say that they still lack something important: charisma!
The goal of BMW M GmbH is to seed in everyone’s hearts the commitment to perfection and high performance experience taken from the racetracks around the world for more than a quarter of a century. BMW M history is the infallible proof for the big words mentioned above. Many people that had the chance to drive an M model say that the uncompromised driving satisfaction and performance given by these cars is addictive for life.
HISTORY OF LINCOLN
Lincoln is the luxury brand of Ford Motor Company. Founded in 1917 by Henry M. Leland and acquired by Ford in 1922, Lincoln has manufactured vehicles since the 1920s . Leland named the brand after his longtime hero Abraham Lincoln
History
The company was founded In August 1917 by Henry M. Leland, one of the founders of Cadillac (originally the Henry Ford Company). He left the Cadillac division of General Motors during World War I and formed the Lincoln Motor Company to build Liberty aircraft engines with his son Wilfred. After the war, the company's factories were retooled to manufacture luxury automobiles
Purchase by Ford
The company encountered severe financial troubles during the transition, coupled with body styling that wasn't comparable to other luxury makers, and after having produced only 150 cars in 1922, was forced into
In 1923, several body styles were introduced, that included two- and three-window, four door sedans and a phaeton that accommodated four passengers. They also offered a two passenger roadster and a seven passenger touring sedan and
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In 1924 large touring sedans began to be used by police departments around the country. They were known as Police Flyers, which were equipped with four wheel brakes, two years before they were introduced on private sale vehicles. These specially equipped vehicles, with bullet proof windshields measuring 7/8 of an inch thick and spot lights mounted on the ends of the windshield, also came with an automatic windshield wiper for the driver and a hand operated wiper for the front passenger. Police whistles were coupled to the exhaust system and gun racks were also fitted to these vehicles.
Optional equipment was not necessarily an issue with Lincolns sold during the 1920s, however, customers who wanted special items were accommodated. A nickel plated radiator shell could be installed for $25, varnished natural wood wheels were $15, or Rudge-Whitworth center-lock wire wheels for another $100. Disteel steel disc wheels were also available for $60. Lincoln chose not to make yearly model changes, used as a marketing tool of the time, designed to lure new customers. Lincoln customers of the time were known to purchase more than one Lincoln with different bodywork, so changing the vehicle yearly was not done to accommodate their customer base.[1] In 1927, Lincoln adopted the greyhound as their emblem, which was later replaced with diamond that is currently in use.
In 1932, Lincoln introduced the V12-powered KB. The same year, Eugene T. "Bob" Gregorie, at the styling studio created by Edsel Ford, began designing what became the Continental, eventually the most important car made by Lincoln. It started as a one-off project car for Edsel, who wanted a European-style car unlike the boxier designs his father's company produced, to drive around on vacations in Florida
Lincoln-Zephyr
The sportier Zephyr gave Gregorie his chance. Introduced for the 1936 model year, it featured a 267 cu in (4.4 L) V12, and was so successful it almost became a brand name, rather than just a model. Its first year increased Lincoln sales almost ninefold.[2] Gregorie simply sectioned a 1938 Zephyr Coupé 4 inches (102 mm), allowing most of the existing dies and tooling to be retained, adding the hallmark vertically-mounted spare tire.
[edit] Continental
The result became the Continental, eventually the most important car made by Lincoln; by the time it ended production in 1948, 5322 were built, almost entirely by hand. The Zephyr, on which it was based, stopped production in early 1942 when Ford converted to war work, and was not revived.[3] The Continental's spare tire mount was so distinctive, those who work on custom cars still call adding a similar mount a "Continental kit".
[edit] Continental Mark II
The Continental Mark II revived the concept. It was produced by the short-lived Continental division from April 1955 to July 1957 before it was turned over to the Lincoln marque. The Mark II had a basic list price of $10,000, the same as a Rolls-Royce that year. The Continental division merged with Lincoln in 1958.
[edit] Town Car
The Continental became Lincoln's flagship model until 1981 when the Town Car, previously the Continental's top trim level, became its own model and took over that role.
[edit]
In 1998 Lincoln was the best-selling luxury brand in the United States, helped by the massive success of the Navigator SUV, and a redesign of the Town Car as well as the Continental.
[edit] Renaissance as global brand
Lincoln was one of the Premier Automotive Group brands from 1998 to 2002, but was pulled out due to Ford's new marketing strategy of separating its import brands from its domestic marques. In recent years the company had fallen behind Japanese, European, and American competitors for a lack of new models. The company has reacted to remedy this, however, by sharing parts and platforms with other Ford divisions worldwide in an attempt to bring more new models to market faster. The result is the introduction of several new models, starting with the 2006 Mark LT pickup (later replaced by the Platinum trim version of the Ford F-150), Zephyr (upgraded and renamed Lincoln MKZ for the 2007 model year) and the MKX Crossover SUV. Subsequent model launches were the MKS sedan in 2009 and the MKT "Touring" crossover for the 2010 model year.
Lincoln vehicles are currently officially available in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands, South Korea, and the Middle East.